Albert Bachem
Albert Bachem was born on 26 February 1888 in Bonn (Germany). Although explicit details about his early education are scarce, his subsequent academic achievements indicate that he almost certainly studied natural sciences, specifically physics, at the University of Bonn, where he earned his doctorate in 1912.
He began his professional journey in Germany, achieving early fame around 1919 and 1920 at the University of Bonn through his collaboration with physicist Leonhard Grebe. Together, they conducted highly precise photometric analyses of solar spectrum lines, becoming among the very first scientists worldwide to successfully verify the gravitational redshift predicted by Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity - an achievement that Einstein himself enthusiastically praised. Following this success, Albert Bachem shifted his focus toward the biological effects of radiation, moving to Frankfurt and later emigrating to the United States in the 1920s to join the University of Illinois College of Medicine in Chicago as a Professor of Biophysics. There, he continued to advance the field of medical radiology by standardizing X-ray and radium dosages for cancer therapies.
In addition to these outstanding results in his primary academic career, Albert Bachem pivoted toward pioneering and highly influential research into auditory perception and musical cognitive science. From the late 1930s until his death, Bachem published a series of seminal papers that fundamentally shaped the scientific understanding of perfect, or absolute, pitch for generations. He was the first researcher to formalize the crucial concept of "tone chroma" - the distinct qualitative color or character of a musical note that remains constant regardless of the octave in which it is played or the instrument's timbre that carries it. His empirical work in this field culminated in his landmark 1955 study simply titled "Absolute Pitch".
Albert Bachem died in 1957 in Chicago (Illinois, USA).
In my possession is the autograph manuscript of the piano work "Rhein-Rhapsodie" by Albert Bachem. Since there are no other known musical compositions attributed to him, what is the evidence proving that this work was truly composed by the biophysicist Albert Bachem?
The proof lies in a compelling chain of biographical and physical evidence found on the document itself. On the title page of the manuscript, there is a handwritten dedication to the pianist Elly Ney, and the document was discovered directly within her personal estate. This dedication is signed and dated: "Tutzing, 30. Juli 1949 / Albert Bachem-Tonger aus Bonn a/Rhein".
First, the biophysicist Albert Bachem was born in Bonn am Rhein, and his parents were Josef Bachem and Gertrud Tonger. This maternal lineage perfectly explains his choice to sign the manuscript using the double name "Albert Bachem-Tonger from Bonn on the Rhine."
Second, the manuscript is written on Lyon & Healy music manuscript paper. Lyon & Healy is a prominent American brand specifically headquartered in Chicago - the very city where Albert Bachem lived and worked as a professor during the latter half of his life.
But why is the dedication dated 'Tutzing, 30 July 1949'? The inscription suggest that Albert Bachem delivered the musical manuscript to Elly Ney in person, as she had permanently established her residence in Tutzing by the late 1920s.